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  Photo-Plethysmograph (sp?)

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Author Topic:   Photo-Plethysmograph (sp?)
D. Morgan
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posted 08-16-2006 07:17 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for D. Morgan   Click Here to Email D. Morgan     Edit/Delete Message
After the APA conference, I decided to get a photo-plethysmograph and try it out. I am using the Limestone version. I have used it on three tests so far, but the tracings that I am getting look nothing like the tracings that Don used in his presentation. Is anyone else using a PP? If so, can you send me a sample of charts of what I should expect the tracings to look like? Also, any suggestions about how to use one? Thanks.

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Barry C
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posted 08-16-2006 07:32 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Barry C   Click Here to Email Barry C     Edit/Delete Message
Can you email me your charts? (Or print them to PDF and send them as PDF docs?) I've been using one for about a year or so (with the Lafayette). What did Don have? The feds just got them and don't have scoring criteria yet.

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Barry C
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posted 08-16-2006 07:33 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Barry C   Click Here to Email Barry C     Edit/Delete Message
I should have asked, but is it all automatic, or do you have settings (filters) you can toy with (other than sensitivity)?

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D. Morgan
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posted 08-16-2006 07:49 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for D. Morgan   Click Here to Email D. Morgan     Edit/Delete Message
Barry,
I do not know what version Don was using, but the tracings he showed looked similar to cardio tracings with a narrowing both upper and lower being viewed as deceptive. My system does have filters, but I only run it in automatic. I am not nearly as computer literate as I should be, but I will try to figure out how to email them to you. The computer I am on now is my office desktop and I have all of my polygraph data on a laptop in my poly room. I will work on getting these emailed to you tommorrow.

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Bob
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posted 08-17-2006 12:15 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Bob     Edit/Delete Message
Barry;
Ok, I'm a tad confused, at the APA conference I spoke with Chris about the plythesmograph being demonstrated to place an order and was told they only had the one which was the prototype. I called Lafayette two weeks ago, and was told the prototype was 'not as good' as they wanted and didn't expect to get the situation resolved for another 8-10 weeks.

I heard Kraphol say scoring was just +/- 1 only.

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rnelson
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posted 08-17-2006 01:16 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for rnelson   Click Here to Email rnelson     Edit/Delete Message
The tracings that Don Krapohl showed at APA looked like a lot like the old Lafayette (analog) PP tracings I saw at the Arizona School which taught the Utah stuff.

I've been using the Limestone system more and more and I'm increasingly happy with it, though I don't yet have the photoplethysmograph sensor

r

------------------
"Gentlemen, you can't fight in here, this is the war room."
--(Dr. Strangelove, 1964)

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Bill2E
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posted 08-17-2006 06:31 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Bill2E     Edit/Delete Message
I'm using the Stolting with plethysmograph, and find the tracings the same as the ones Don demonstrated at the APA meeting, I don't use filters, just the programing by Stolting. I have been able to determine when countermeasures have been used by comparing reactions to the plethysmograph tracings, as well as motion sensor activity. I am very pleaed with the results and my ones with countermeasures are confirmed by admissions.

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Barry C
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posted 08-17-2006 07:59 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Barry C   Click Here to Email Barry C     Edit/Delete Message
Lafayette introduced their computerized photoplethysmograph (PLE) a year (plus) ago. (I think I got the first one.) It either works really well or it doesn't work at all (tracings too small to use). Since introducing that one, they've come up with a new one that they tell me is 10X better than what I currently have (and I too am waiting to receive in about a month or two).

Don is working on getting the feds up and running with the PLE. They currently have no scoring rules for them, so my guess is that they'll have to defer to the Utah (research based) criteria, which allows up to a +/-2, but again, read the Bell et al article for that info.

Stoelting's computerized system and scoring was designed by the Utah researchers, so you should be getting the most user-friendly and readable data out there, but you've got to find out what it's doing. It may be filtering somewhat, which could mean you're only going to see an amplitude decrease on the top portion - not the top and bottom. I read the Stoelting manual when I first got my Lafayette (after talking to Charles Honts as well), and if memory serves me correctly, it explains rather well what you are seeing on that channel. APA published an old article in 2005 called "What does the Plethysmograph Indicate," which explains what you're seeing and what the filtering does. I'd give it a read (Volume 34, Number 3 in 2005) after reading the Stoelting info.

I don't know what Limestone is doing to the data, and I've never read their manual, but I'd give them a call or read that portion to learn what you're looking at.

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D. Morgan
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posted 08-17-2006 09:26 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for D. Morgan   Click Here to Email D. Morgan     Edit/Delete Message
Barry,

I will be calling Limestone later today to see if I need to check any settings. I will also ask them for any manuals or documentation related to the use of the PLE. I will also try to figure out how to email the charts to you. If you know where I can get a look at the article you mentioned from 2005, I would like to read it. My email is:
dmorgan@spartanburgcounty.org

Thanks

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Barry C
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posted 08-17-2006 09:33 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Barry C   Click Here to Email Barry C     Edit/Delete Message
It was a reprint article, so I probably have it in PDF format (at home). I'll check (much) later tonight or tomorrow and get it out to you. It's a 1974 article, but it's still relevant today as it's a "what am I seeing" article, and it explains how it is or can be filtered. If anybody has the APA journals and can ship it sooner, it's in Volume 3, No. 2, pages 167-177.

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Barry C
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posted 08-17-2006 09:38 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Barry C   Click Here to Email Barry C     Edit/Delete Message
Another random thought: "CutePDF" is a free program that will convert anything you can print to a PDF document (that Adobe, another free reader, will open). Just Google the name, and you'll find it. Then, once installed, open your file (e.g., a polygraph chart) and tell it to print. When the screen comes up asking which printer to use (CutePDF shows up as an installed printer), choose CutePDF instead of your default printer (the one that normally spits out your printed docs) and it will prompt you to save the file as new PDF doc. When it "prints" it just saves whatever you normally would have been printing as a new PDF file that you can share with anyone. It does nothing to the original file, so your polygraph files will be safe.

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rnelson
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posted 08-17-2006 10:20 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for rnelson   Click Here to Email rnelson     Edit/Delete Message
Barry,

Would you be willing to email me the PLE article?

I'd like to read it and I could post a secured link for other.

r

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"Gentlemen, you can't fight in here, this is the war room."
--(Dr. Strangelove, 1964)

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Barry C
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posted 08-17-2006 10:38 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Barry C   Click Here to Email Barry C     Edit/Delete Message
Sure Ray. I'll get it out today or tomorrow.

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D. Morgan
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posted 08-17-2006 10:42 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for D. Morgan   Click Here to Email D. Morgan     Edit/Delete Message
Barry,
I downloaded the CutePDF and tried to print the chart as instructed. My print function did not list CutePDF as an installed printer. I am also working with Limestone simultaneously to try and email it that way. Hopefully I will get something working soon.

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rnelson
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posted 08-17-2006 12:48 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for rnelson   Click Here to Email rnelson     Edit/Delete Message
You'll also need to download and install the free ghostscript utility to use CutePDF writer.

It works great for me.

Limstone prints ever page as a separate print job, so you end up with a whole bunch of .pdf -s that need to be concatenated. uhgh. They could fix this.

r

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"Gentlemen, you can't fight in here, this is the war room."
--(Dr. Strangelove, 1964)

[This message has been edited by rnelson (edited 08-17-2006).]

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Barry C
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posted 08-24-2006 07:59 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Barry C   Click Here to Email Barry C     Edit/Delete Message
Did you two get the article? I sent it last Friday.

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rnelson
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posted 08-24-2006 03:43 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for rnelson   Click Here to Email rnelson     Edit/Delete Message
Here it is.
http://www.raymondnelson.us/qc/1974_PLE_Geddes.pdf

Sorry for the delay - had to triage my to-do list.

For anyone who's interested...

here is a flash doc of a powerpoint for a training next week
http://www.raymondnelson.us/training/PCSOT_trng_for_POs.swf

beware - it's 150+ slides

here is a 26 page .pdf
http://www.raymondnelson.us/training/PCSOT_8-30-06.pdf


r

------------------
"Gentlemen, you can't fight in here, this is the war room."
--(Dr. Strangelove, 1964)

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Barry C
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posted 08-25-2006 03:07 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Barry C   Click Here to Email Barry C     Edit/Delete Message
I like the presentation. There are a couple typos. I also noted that you said we monitor GSC or GSR (I don't recall which) - and not the other. I don't think that's true of all manufacturers. At AAPP I learned one of them combines the two to produce what you see. I'm checking on that one though. I'm curious as to why you even mention that one though?

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rnelson
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posted 08-25-2006 05:23 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for rnelson   Click Here to Email rnelson     Edit/Delete Message
Typos. Argh.. balsted fat lilte fingers

Thanks Barry,

I think I change the GSC slide - that one was recycled from a while ago. I've been under the impression that all the newer instruments monitor conductance, though I did hear a while ago that Axciton may use a combined measure or resistance and conductance. Its probably not that important to POs.

I recently added all the stuff on questions after I was informed by the head of probation services that their survey indicated a desire for more training around questions and targets. (always good for controversy.)

r

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"Gentlemen, you can't fight in here, this is the war room."
--(Peter Sellers as President Merfin Mufley in Stanley Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove, 1964)


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Barry C
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posted 08-25-2006 05:58 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Barry C   Click Here to Email Barry C     Edit/Delete Message
Yes, Axciton does something "proprietary" - a word that scares me when it comes to polygraph. I've got to return a call to Bruce White on Monday because now he's got me curious as to what he's doing. I've also got to find out why ASTM wrote a standard that requires one or the other (conductance or resistance), but I'm probably stirring a hornets nest there.

Since this is a PLE thread, and we're off topic, does Axciton have a PLE sensor? If so, how well does it work?

And Ray, search your slides for the word "week" and replace it with "weak."

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polypro
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posted 08-25-2006 07:07 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for polypro     Edit/Delete Message
I hate to come into an intelligent conversation with such an elementary question, but what is a plethysmograph, and what does it measure? I was at a countermeasure class last week, and the DoDPI instructor made reference to the plethysmograph, but I failed to inquire about the specifics. What advantage does it lend to polygraph testing?

[This message has been edited by polypro (edited 08-25-2006).]

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Barry C
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posted 08-25-2006 07:35 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Barry C   Click Here to Email Barry C     Edit/Delete Message
The article above tells you all about it, but in short, (when talking about polygraph) it measures blood volume in one's fingertip (or finger pulse amplitude).

A small light is placed (inside some type of clip that fits over the finger) on the fingertip. Next to the light is a light sensor, and it measures how much light is reflected back from the finger. The amount of blood in the fingertip determines how much light gets through.

When a person experiences FFF, blood is directed away from the fingers (and feet, digestive system, etc) towards those muscles and organs that need fuel (blood) to fight or flee or threat. We measure that reaction with the PLE. During a reaction, you see a reduction in pulse amplitude (which looks very similar to the cardio reading) for a brief period of time.

It's a general principle of science that more data yields better results. Some have said (it's anecdotal I know) it can be a diagnostic as the EDA. I haven't found that to be the case, but I have avoided some INCs with the data I get using it.

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Barry C
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posted 05-11-2007 08:47 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Barry C   Click Here to Email Barry C     Edit/Delete Message
Update: I finally got the new PLE from Lafayette. I haven't tried it in a real test yet, but it appears to be just what they said - 10X better than the original. I can now get the tracings to cover the entire screen, which is better than the couple millimeters I'd get out of some people (at the highest sensitivity). After I use it a little, I'll know more, but much better.

Dan,

How have you been making out with yours? Did you ask how Limestone filters theirs? What kind of scores are you getting with it?

I stick to scores of +/-1 as that's the best I've seen to date. (Twos and threes are theoretically possible, but twos are very rare, and I don't know if anybody has ever had a three!)

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D. Morgan
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posted 05-11-2007 09:04 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for D. Morgan   Click Here to Email D. Morgan     Edit/Delete Message
Barry,
First off, I have not been on the BB in long time and returned today when I got the email message that you had posted a reply. Sorry for being away so long.

One big reason that I was having trouble with my understanding of the PLE tracings was that for some strange reason, my tracings in the "view chart" screen were inverted from the true tracings during the test. As you can imagine, this caused me great difficulty. I stopped using the PLE for several months until I figured out what was going on. Limestone corrected this very quickly. Since then, I still get the usual: either the PLE works great or it doesn't work at all. There seems to be very little in between. The Limestone PLE is an earclip, but they are coming out with a finger clip that is supposed to be much better as well. I am looking forward to that. Maybe it is the earclip as opposed to the fingerclip, but the tracings that I currently get are similar to cardio tracings in that reactions appear to be in amplitude as opposed to narrowing of the tracings that I had seen in Don's presentation. If the tracing looks clearly like a reaction then I use it. If I have any doubt I do not. I would say that I use the tracing for scoring about 25% of the time. I also score it as +/- 1. I do appreciate your help and the articles. I am more comfortable with it now, but I think that the new device coming from Limestone will be much better (I hope).

Thanks again,
Danny

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Taylor
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posted 05-11-2007 03:40 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Taylor   Click Here to Email Taylor     Edit/Delete Message
I received my Lafayette PLE yesterday and used it this AM. It works great! Taylor

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Barry C
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posted 05-11-2007 04:54 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Barry C   Click Here to Email Barry C     Edit/Delete Message
Did you have the old one?

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Taylor
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posted 05-14-2007 09:39 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Taylor   Click Here to Email Taylor     Edit/Delete Message
No

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rnelson
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posted 05-15-2007 09:07 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for rnelson   Click Here to Email rnelson     Edit/Delete Message
Its no secret that I really enjoy using the Limestone system these days. However, I'm not impressed with the silly ear-clip. They're track record with effective solutions is good, so I look forward to the next iteration of the sensor.

Does anyone know why we refer to it as a photoplethysmograph, when the technology appears to be that of a standard pulse-oximeter?

r

------------------
"Gentlemen, you can't fight in here. This is the war room."
--(Stanley Kubrick/Peter Sellers - Dr. Strangelove, 1964)


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stat
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posted 05-15-2007 10:18 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for stat     Edit/Delete Message
Perhaps it's because "photoplethysmograph" sounds really keeno. Maybe we should call the chair cushion a Glutiokineticotransducomograph. cool huh.

[This message has been edited by stat (edited 05-15-2007).]

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D. Morgan
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posted 05-15-2007 10:27 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for D. Morgan   Click Here to Email D. Morgan     Edit/Delete Message
Since the Limestone uses an earclip instead of a finger clip, I have had to adapt my explanation of the component to fit the placement. Although the fingerclip detects the drawing of blood away from the extremities and back toward the heart, this explanation doesn't correspond well with the earclip. I have been telling my examinees that the earclip, based on studies using CAT Scans and polygraph combined, show that increased brain activity occurs when a person is being deceptive and the increased brain activity requires an increased blood flow to the brain. This increased blood flow to the brain can be monitored by the photoplethysmograph through the placement of the earclip on the earlobe and show me when a person has an increase flow of blood going to the brain, thus indicating that a person is being deceptive. Whether this is technically correct or not, it really seems to impress the examinees that the field of polygraph is constantly finding new avenues to observe through professional studies. Still, I am looking forward to the introduction of the fingerclip from Limestone. I will adapt my explanation to that device then.

Danny

[This message has been edited by D. Morgan (edited 05-15-2007).]

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rnelson
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posted 05-15-2007 11:24 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for rnelson   Click Here to Email rnelson     Edit/Delete Message
I like it.

It occurs to me that

Glutiokineticotransducomograph = whoopey-cushion...

I prefer the Limestone trademark name - StingRay.


r

------------------
"Gentlemen, you can't fight in here. This is the war room."
--(Stanley Kubrick/Peter Sellers - Dr. Strangelove, 1964)


[This message has been edited by rnelson (edited 05-15-2007).]

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stat
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posted 05-15-2007 01:51 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for stat     Edit/Delete Message
I'm sorry, but how dare you insult the famed and heralded whoopie cushion with the name Glutiokineticotransducomograph! Is nothing sacred?!
Might be a dumb question, but did they name StingRay after you? If they did, I am thouroughly impressed man.
I would settle for the names spinctograph or maybe the turkeyeye pillow.

Sorry Dan, I didn't mean to derail your thread. It's Ray's fault.

[This message has been edited by stat (edited 05-15-2007).]

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rnelson
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posted 05-15-2007 02:34 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for rnelson   Click Here to Email rnelson     Edit/Delete Message
A few years ago at APA, I bent Jamie Brown's ear about the need for a CM channel on his instrument. I even gave him a prototype of a pneumatic sensor - which I believe models data in a more useable and interpretable manner than the piezzo. So, I like to assume the name is a combination of my contribution and the obvious reference to DW's book.

r

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stat
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posted 05-15-2007 02:44 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for stat     Edit/Delete Message
cool. I don't suppose those guys ever gave you any credit, did they? I certainly haven't heard anything from Stoelting about my countermeasure bonnet---again I say it is the best oral counter countermeasure component. I still encourage anyone who attends a countermeasure workshop to bite a tiny part of their mouth/gum with the force mimicking someone who's butt is on the line--bite hard----and not some little gnawing bite for novelty sakes as I've seen people do when they're experimenting. The reaction (onscreen) of REAL oral pain is quite convincing and suprisingly "organic" looking---as well as multiple component-affective.

"There simply is no better oral countermeasure detection device in the field, period." --Roger Ebert, Sun-Times

[This message has been edited by stat (edited 05-15-2007).]

[This message has been edited by stat (edited 05-15-2007).]

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rnelson
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posted 05-15-2007 03:26 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for rnelson   Click Here to Email rnelson     Edit/Delete Message
quote:
cool. I don't suppose those guys ever gave you any credit, did they?

I wouldn't say that. I got my name used - and its kind of cool that it could actually imply other meaning as well.

The folks at Limestone have been a pleasure to work with. They are smart, responsive, progressive, and interested in a good product that is grounded in an understandable documented science (sorry if I sound like a cheerleader - they don't pay me for that, but they are good folks).

After looking at Limestone's rank scoring tool at APA last year, I boasted arrogantly that it wouldn't be difficult to use common inferential statistics to evaluate the test results. So, they encouraged me to work on that for them, which I did.

Then, when the opportunity to combine the efforts of that project with the Mark Handler's ideas for a redesign of Don Krapohl and Barry McMannus' Objective Scoring System, Jamie, Tyler, and Brad at Limestone readily supported that idea too. So, I think it might be fair to say they have been supporters of a lot of the things I've been working on this past year, and I have spoken regularly with them about that project.


--------

I have to admit I've tried the oral countermeasure bonnet.

I had to bite quite hard to get reactions, but it works, and its possible to do without being observed.

r

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"Gentlemen, you can't fight in here. This is the war room."
--(Stanley Kubrick/Peter Sellers - Dr. Strangelove, 1964)


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